Many Railcars were present at the time of the 1920s but modifying an ordinary Railcar into a propeller-driven and adding the engine of the airplane, which is ready to run on the railway track, must be the idea of brilliant Engineers only. Schienenzeppelin was the one modified Railcar. 

Further, will be going in-depth about it and how other Railcars were invented later in 1940 taking the idea from Schienenzeppelin.

What is Schienenzeppelin or Rail-zeppelin?

Schienenzeppelin (Rail-zeppelin)

Schienenzeppelin or rail zeppelin was an experimental railcar in the appearance of the zeppelin. Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship moving in the sky. Keeping the structure of the zeppelin in the mind.

The structure was made of a train with a look-alike zeppelin and the body of a bullet train, with a hybrid structure of aircraft engine and propeller-driven at the rear end. The Inventor behind making this beautiful invention was Franz Kruckenberg, who was born on August 21, 1882, in Uetersen.

He was a German mechanical engineer and railway designer. He was a pioneer of express rail traffic; 

History

Vintage Railcar

Back in 1920, when many railroads passed passengers and goods from one country to another. Slowly railways were evolving and with the evolving nature, engineers were trying to change the world with their thoughts and ideas.

In late 1929, One such German aircraft engineer named Franz Kruckenberg decided to add an aircraft engine to a train to create something that resembles like airship on rails. As he was an aircraft engineer, he started designing Zeppelin airship dreaming that would run on the rails. Numerous years were spent on designing it. 

He started to put effort into making the body like a bullet-shaped train. When finally the body and the engine were built, this railcar or train (Schienenzeppelin) was propelled with a propeller at the end(rear) of the train. In 1930 it was ready to run on the rails.

This train was named Schienenzeppelin.

About Schienenzeppelin

Model Schienenzeppelin

It was invented by German engineer Franz Kruckenberg in the year 1929. 

It had the engine of the aircraft and a propeller at the rear end. The body was designed as a bullet train and the material used was aluminum. It had a capacity of 40 passengers. 

It broke World railroad speed on 10th May 1931 up till 1954. It had a top speed of 143 mph or 243 km/hr which set a record for gasoline-powered rail engines at that time. Rather other railcars had a speed of 139 mph. It had a height of 2.8m with 28.5m long. 

This Schienenzeppelin was only once built and was later scrapped in 1939 due to its risk factors.

Modifications made

Schienenzeppelin was built in 1930 at the time of the Hannover-Leinhausen division of the German Imperial Railway Company. The railcar was modified several times like the original had was powered by two joined BMW IV 6-cylinder gasoline aircraft engines with 4-blade propellers.

But later due to a large crowd was not able to catch this run machine(Schienenzeppelin) it was Increased by changing the engine to a single BMW VI 12-cylinder, with 2 bladed propellers.

How did Schienenzeppelin(Railcar) work?

The propeller at the rear(end) of the Schienenzeppelin

The engine provides trust to rear-pointing to a four-blade fixed ash propeller. The shaft attracted to the propeller was raised by 7 degrees from horizontal to provide a downward thrust to push the railcar forward.

Problems faced after some years

One of the most important was concern over its safety. The open propellers were far too dangerous in crowded railway stations. 

The engine also had no reverse drive.

Also, the rear-ended propeller was not clear whether it would pull the additional railcar.

Since this revolutionary design would require a massive amount of investment for further modifications. Instead, a new monorail was designed and sent for approval and got approved.

The end of Schienenzeppelin was near

With the small capacity of passengers and concern over the safety and investment in it in the future was too much difficult later in 1939, this Schienenzeppelin was scrapped.

The time was a world war, and the German army also needed material instead of saving it in the museum it would be used for war was the motive. 

The engines that had power were cannibalized and fitted to german light bombers. The rest body of the railcar(Schienenzeppelin) was melted down for the german warship.

The invention of further Trains using ideas from Schienenzeppelin

Aeromotowagon Railcar

Schienenzeppelin was a great invention but had various factors that had risks in it, which pulled it near failure. Several inventions were made by the inventor Franz Kruckenberg. He later opened his company and started producing vehicles that did not last for a long time.

By far the best invention award was given to Franz Kruckenberg for his invention Schienenzeppelin.

 G.H.Hardy and Ramanujan both were great mathematicians. They loved talking about numbers. One fine day Ramanujan's health was not good due to the weather in England and its food and he was admitted to hospital. So Hardy thought he should visit Ramanujan for asking about his health. So Hardy prearranged a taxi and headed to the hospital to meet him. But while traveling, Harrdy always had a habit of noting down the taxi's number whenever he traveled from the taxi.

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Story of Hardy meeting Ramanujan in hospital

Hardy noted down the number of taxis in 1729. When he looked at the number he felt it was a very unimportant and ordinary number. He reached out to Ramanujan and asked him about his health. Then Hardy talked about the number(1729) with him. 'No Hardy' said Ramanujan. Ramanujan with his explanation about how unique is the number. 1729 is the world's first smallest number which can be expressed as a sum of two positive cubes (for example 12^3 + 1^3). 1729 is known as the second Taxicab number or 'Hardy-Ramanujan' number as it derives its name from a story starting from that taxi cab. This was a famous story about one of India's great mathematical geniuses Shrinivasa Ramanujan.

Born on 22 December 1887 in Erode, Madras Presidency, British India. He went to a local school named Kangayan Primary school in Madras. He was not able to speak until he was five. He did not like school in Madras and tried to avoid attending it. His family enlisted a local person to make sure he attended school. As time passed he created an interest in mathematics. In primary class, he came first in mathematics in the village. He took admitted to Town higher secondary school for his higher studies. 

At the age of 13, he completely mastered a book on advanced trigonometry. By that time, he had also discovered sophisticated theorems on his own. Solving college-level questions in primary school got to know his talent in mathematics. He got a Subramaniam scholarship due to mathematics but perhaps lost it due to scoring low in other subjects. He tried to score good marks in class 12th but failed in it too. This was the worst phase of Ramanujan's life. He had financial problems so he took classes for college students. As he did not have a college degree no one was able to give him a job. He got married to a girl named Janki in 1908.

How was the Bernoullis number invented?

He went to Madras and contacted deputy collector V Rama Swami Iyer, he was a great mathematician as well. At last, the deputy collector knew the potential in Ramanujan and decided to give Rupees 25 scholarships per month to Ramanujan. Staying in Madras for 1 year he published his first research named 'Properties of Bernoulli Number'.

Remembering India's one of the greatest mathematical geniuses Srinivasa Ramanujan on his birth anniversary on 22 December.

Though life is long or short if you believe in yourself, dedicated to your work, then you will get success.

Over the past few decades, contemporary literature has addressed the emerging factor influencing the new economy of the over-the-top in India. In the last few years, a chunk of the digitally sophisticated audience has shifted its interest to new-age OTT platforms as a source of entertainment. 

What is OTT?

History Of OTT Platforms:-

Over the past few years, OTT platforms have been clamoring to get market share in one of the fertile grounds to be in India. Unlike other countries, India is growing with the viewership on the OTT(Over The Top) immensely.

But it all started with the first dependent Indian OTT platform Big Flix. Big Flix was launched by Reliance in the year 2008 but it was not impactful. After years passed, in 2013 Ditto T.V.(Now known as Zee) and Sony Liv was launched which got a good response. It was a time when data had a high price and there was no subscription to any OTT platforms. Thus many of the audience could not afford to watch online. 

Many other OTT platforms were also rising like Youtube, Hotstar, Amazon Prime, and many more by the year 2015. By the time people were aware of watching TV serials online. And then there was an entry of Reliance Jio which changed India from a lack of internet usage to most users of the internet in the world.

The Rise Of OTT Platforms in India:-

The Rising Wave of the Indian OTT Market:-

The Rise of OTT platforms was when data(internet) was cheap, this was all possible due to Reliance Jio entering the market in the year 2016. Jio gave unlimited data(internet), due to which there was a lot of usage of the internet and due to which OTT platforms were growing.

People got more attracted towards digital platforms by the year 2016 be it watching cricket on Hotstar or watching movies and web series on various other ott platforms like Netflix, Prime, Hotstar, and many more.

From the year when data was the cheap rise, OTT platforms were rising tremendously. Ott was also rising because of its original content shows. 

How do OTT Platforms make money?

OTT has to buy the rights to the movie for release or streaming on their respective platforms. The process is that the respective OTT platform gives a fixed amount to the filmmakers and the producers make the film for less than that and the remaining is the profit of the OTT platform.

They also generate revenue from subscriptions that they take from their audience, by which they can produce their own shows or movies, or web series and present them on their own platforms.

Opportunity To Talent (OTT):-

OTT has given underrated actors unforgettable characters. Standing in support and providing an equal platform and opportunity to showcase the talent irrespective of their background. Letting on work and talent of the actor shine.

For many well-known actors who didn't have work in past years, OTT has given them chance on their talent. The common man got a job due to these platforms. 

The emergence of OTT during Covid Pandemic:-

A good step taken by OTT Platforms for age restrictions:-

Is one OTT platform enough for the Indian viewers?

One OTT platform is simply not enough for Indian viewers.
Because Indians are so hungry for online video content that they are lapping everything available.

There is various content on each platform. So the viewer will not rely only on one platform.

For example, Netflix content can't be seen on Hotstar and vice versa.

Conclusion:-

The media and entertainment industry witnessed a rapid change in the current year with disruptions due to technological advances and cheap data and mobile penetration. 

OTT engagement is expected to grow steadily in the years to come. The Indian market has a huge potential to be one of Asia's biggest media and entertainment markets.

Thus it is safe to say that the OTTs have revolutionized the entertainment industry and with their steadily growing potential they will continue to keep us glued to our screens.

So to conclude, the Indian OTT industry still holds many opportunities, yet to be explored. With growing access to mobile data and internet-based services in the rural parts of the country, the no of users and subscribers is set to be on the rise.

The word engineering has been derived from the term engineer and dates back to around 1325 and the word engineer in those times meant or was denoted to someone who was the constructor of engines. Engines come from an old word used in Latin that means Intrinsic quality, particularly cerebral power. The word engineer is also derived from the Latin word ingeniare ("to create, generate, contrive, the device")

Table Of Contents

Introduction:-

Engineering is ancient and was founded. But the only thing was it was not named engineering, later it was. People were inventing new things for their lives. But they never knew that building a house for them which is today known as civil engineering. Gradually people started evolving with modern technology and modern inventions.

After the bulb's invention, instead of the candle, the bulb was in use, later known as Electrical Engineering.

For convenience and comfort of an easy living lifestyle, cars were invented which later got known as Mechanical engineering. Every invention is an engineered product.

In short, the science behind doing everything daily is called Engineering.

History Of Engineering:-

The idea of engineering has been present since past historic times when humans started shaping important creations like the lever, wheel, and pulley. Every invention is reliable with the contemporary explanation of engineering manipulation basic principles to develop useful tools and objects.

The first architectural engineer in history the first doctor and one of the most famous engineers in ancient Egypt lived under the rule of king "Djoser" the family. He was the one who built the pyramid of Saqqara Amphither's "Pyramid of Djsor" in the 30th century BC. The Greeks called it Amenhotep. He was the first engineer in history.

The Romans developed a lot of infrastructures like roads and aqueducts to help their cities flourish 
It was the Romans who brought engineering culture.

Evolution of Engineering:-

As time passed more structures like houses, buildings, and bridges required technicalities the term what we know as civil engineering was introduced to differentiate between those who were experts in building military machines and was also called military engineering. 

The term engineering has much depth and the discipline is extremely broad and comprised a variety of more dedicated types of engineering, each with a more precise prominence on specific parts of technology, applied science, and types of application.

With the rise of engineering as a profession in the 18 century, the term became more in use in which mathematics and science were applied to the ends.

Sir Visvesvaraya was the first Indian Engineer and the Father of Engineering. (Read more about him...)

How was Engineering Feilds Invented:-

The first steam engine was built in 1698 by Mechanical Engineer Thomas Savery. This invention gave rise to the Industrial Revolution in the coming years which changed the entire lifestyle of humans.

Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering is the oldest and broadest area of Engineering.
It all started with the world's first engineer, Impotep designed the pyramid of Djoser in Egypt almost 5,000 years ago.

The name civil engineering comes from Civilian Engineering.
John Smeaton was the first engineer to call himself a "Civil Engineer". He founded a society in 1771 that was known to be the Institution of Civil Engineers.

It deals with the construction of bridges, roads, buildings, dams, towers, waterways, dykes, sewers, and railways.

Mechanical Engineering

The invention of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineer James Watt gave rise to modern Mechanical Engineering. This Industrial Revolution led to the rapid growth of Mechanical Engineering.

The field of Mechanical engineering was advancing with new inventions as the years were passing as discussed earlier first the steam engine was invented then without using steam another fuel to operate the engine was the petrol engine first invented by Nicholaus August Otto the Otto engine or internal combustion engine was invented.

After years of working in the same firm Nicholaus Otto, Gottlieb Daimler, and Wilhelm Maybach invented a more efficient Internal combustion engine with more speed and one of the most important installable engines and named it the Grandfather clock. They experimented with it by attaching it to a carriage and thus Motorcycle was born.

During this era (1900), Mercedes was also born and designed by Wilhelm Maybach.

During the same era, there was one man who thought outside of the box, he decides to make a horseless carriage with a proper structure of a vehicle that would run on his own design engine and he was successful in making it in 1885. He was Karl Benz. The father of automobiles Karl Benz made the first Motorcar.

Electrical Engineering

The experiments of Alessandro Volta in the 19th century, Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm, and others gave rise to Electrical Engineering with the invention of the Electric motor in 1872.

Electrical engineering became a profession late in the 19th century. Francis Ronald stands ahead of the field, who created the first working telegraph system in 1816 and he also documented his vision of how the world could be transformed by using electricity.

Electronic Engineering

James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz gave rise to the field of Electronics in the late 19th century. The future inventions of the transistor, and vacuum tube accelerated the development of Electronics in the field of Electronics Engineering.

Aeronautical Engineering

Aeronautical Engineering is a more modern term that expands to reach the discipline by including spacecraft design. Its origin can be traced to Aviation pioneers around the turn of the 18th century with the work of Sir George Cayley. The Invention of the first airplane was done by an Indian Shivkar Talpade. But he was not having a patent for it.

Knowledge of aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some most important skills from other branches of engineering.

Only after a decade in the 1920s boom in Aeronautical Engineering was when the Wright brothers made a successful attempt to fly the world's first motor-operated airplane.

This got a great development in Aeronautical Engineering and also during World War 1 military aircraft.

To know facts about the Indian Airforce and its aircraft. (Read more about it...)

Computer Engineering

Computer Engineering began in 1939 when John Vincent and Clifford Berry began developing the world's first electronic digital computer through a combination of Physics, Mathematics, and Electrical Engineering.

In late 1990, there was a rise in computer technology, the first search engine was built by Computer Engineer Alan Emtage, and thus from then, the computer era started. During this time the most important invention was done of Ctrl-Alt-Del(Read more about it)

And till now in every field, Computer Technology is used.

The Core Engineering Fields are Mechanical, Civil, and Electrical Engineering.

And even today many Engineering fields are coming up and many more are to come.

Conclusion:-

The Engineering field is very old and has massive importance in our lives, due to which we can stay and work comfortably. Throughout history, Engineers have solved problems and have figured out how to make things work. 

In design, and development work today, an advanced understanding of a broad array of scientific disciplines is required, as is the ability to use sophisticated and complicated computer analysis and modeling tools.

Individuals started to work in a team. Technology advances provide opportunities to improve society as well as risks.

Engineers must always look toward the development of the country.

Diwali is an important religious festival originating in India. Many stories are associated with Diwali like Lord Rama returning to Ayodhya, Goddess Durga killing Demon Mahishasura, and Pandavas returning home to Hastinapura. But few people must be knowing about Lord Krishna's victory over Demon Narakaasura.

Narakaasura was born to Varaha an avatar of Vishnu and goddess earth as he was born with the qualities of demon Goddess Earth feared, that he might be killed by Vishnu in the future so she pleaded with Vishnu not to kill Narakaasura at any cost, Vishnu thought for a while and Narakaasura was booned that except his mother no one can kill him. Goddess Earth was happy after hearing the decision and was confident that she would never kill her son(Narakaasura) at any cost.

As the days passed by Narakaasura grew more powerful than before even Indra could not defeat Narakaasura, so the only way was going to Lord Vishnu to protect people from Narakaasura, Lord Vishnu assures them that the end is near for Narakasura soon Lord Vishnu took the avatar of Lord Krishna and Goddess earth was born as Satyabhama, meanwhile, Narakaasura continued his evilness. He tormented(mentally suffering) the Rishis and challenged the kings.

On one such day, he had to face Shri Krishna. Shri Krishna knew that the end of Narakaasura was in the hands of Goddess earth so he did not stop Satyabhama when she wished to watch the battle between Shri Krishna and Narakaasura. The battle between them(Shri Krishna and Narakaasura) started, they both fought fiercely after a while Narakaasura was able to make Shri Krishna unconscious with one of his weapons. Then Satyabham herself fought with Narakaasura. She courageously faced him and aimed arrows at him. 

Satyabhama killing Narakaasura

At last, Narakaasura has fallen for the arrows of Satyabhama. That day was called Naraka Chaturdashi(Narak Chaturthi) and people celebrated the occasion with lamps and lights with crackers. The next day is Diwali(Deepavali). The word Diwali means "row of lights" in Sanskrit. The symbol of Diwali is light and oil lamps called Diyas. Diwali is not just celebrated by Hindus but also celebrated by Jains and Sikhs too. 

Some Lesser Facts About Diwali

• The last Tirthankara of Jains Vartamanam Mahaviram has attained nirvana on this very day.
• Another name for Diwali is Lakshmi puja. Hindus and Marwadis give a lot of importance to Lakshmi puja. And New Year in fact starts with Diwali.
• Diwali is not only the festival of Hindus but also the festival of Sikhs and Jains.
• Diwali honors the Hindu goddess of wealth, Lakshmi. The lights and lamps help goddess Lakshmi find her way into people's homes and bring prosperity to their new year.
• Rangoli is the most popular on Diwali.
• In the United Kingdom(UK), the city of Leicester has the largest Diwali celebration outside India.
• How Goddess Durga Killed Mahishasura on Dusshera, after 20 days of Dusshera Diwali is celebrated (Read More about it..)

Burning the Demon qualities in ourselves and generating good qualities should be our main focus for growth in life.

Valmiki was the first poet who authored the epic Ramayana which contains 24000 shlokas and 7 cantos including Uttara Kanda. He lived in Treta Yuga. He was also considered 'Adi Kavi' which means the first poet of the Sanskrit language. The sage who composed Ramayan, under the inspiration of Lord Brahma and Brahmarshi Narad. Guru of Lava and Kusha (son of Lord Rama).

Maharshi Valmiki

Ever thought about who was Valmiki before turning to Rishi?

A man called Ratnakar used to steal and serve his family. He took part in many terrible loots from his nearby village. Once Narad Muni passed by the forest, Ratnakar stopped him and tried to rob him. Narad Muni asked Ratnakar, Why do you do this job? to which Ratnakar replied that to raise his family.    

Naradji says are your wife, son, and parents with you in this sin? upon this Ratnakar says "yes why not they are with me". Naradji says let's make your family members judge and ask them whether they share those sins.

Ratnakar went home asking his wife, son, and parents whether they will be part of his sin ?. On this his wife uttered words, "I will be part of your joy and sorrows, not your sins". He was shocked to hear her answer. Afterward, he returned to Narad Muni who said if your parents and wife do not want to be part of your sin, then why are committing this sin for them? 

Ratnakar felt alone, he grabbed Narad Muni's feet. Naradji guided him to the knowledge of the truth.

Naradji taught him to chant Ram-Nam. However Ratnakar was unable to pronounce Rama's name, therefore Narad Muni instructed him to chant "Mara-Mara", and soon he recited Lord Rama's name. Years passed but Ratnakar was still meditating and reciting Ram-Nam. Anthill was created upon Ratnakar. 

One day Naradji was passing by the way and cleared the anthill (a nest in the form of a mound built by ants). With a smile on his face, Naradji declared Ratnakar a sage, from now you will be called Valmiki (reborn from anthill). With tears of happiness, the sage Valmiki started his new life near the Ganga river.

The dacoit in this story gave up his existing world and created his own new world again which we call Ramayana. History says that Ratnakar, the dacoit of the past later on became Valmiki, the creator of the saga of Ramayana. 

This was the story of how Ratnakar, became Sage Valmiki from a Dacoit (hunter).

Valmiki had a great power of thinking. He had a different perception to look towards the world. Sage Valmiki stressed positive thinking. For him, service and human dignity are at the top.

Valmiki's words are rays of hope for millions of poor Dalits, they instill a sense of hope and belief in them. 

According to him if a person has willpower then he can accomplish any task easily. It is willpower that gives the strength to many youths to accomplish extraordinary tasks.

Valmiki Jayanti is celebrated on a full moon night or Purnima of Ashvin month.

We will be always grateful to sage Valmiki for writing such a great scripture like Ramayana, which will be a guide for the younger ones.  

At last from his teachings, we can conclude that,

Chanting reversely Rama's name dacoit Ratnakar turned into Valmiki Maharshi who wrote the epic "Ramayana".

Happy Valmiki Jayanti

Long ago there was a demon called Mahishasura. He was given this name as he was in the form of a bison. Being a powerful demon, Mahishasura wanted to conquer all the 3 worlds in the universe. He began to pray for Brahma to acquire a boom to fulfill his desire as his prayers continued for years, Brahma had to appear in front of Mahishasura. 'No man in this universe should be able to kill me, was the boon obtained by Mahishasura from Brahma deva. 

Goddess Durga defeated Mahishasura

After getting boon Mahishasura started torturing everyone. Even Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva were not able to restrain him. So they thought of finding ways to defeat Mahishasura. As there was a chance for women to defeat Mahishasura they wished to create a woman so powerful as to defeat him. They combined their power and created Goddess Durga, they gifted their weaponry to her who was ready to fight with Mahishasura with only 2 but 18 hands. The weapons she got from God were. With Sudarshan chakra from Lord Vishnu, Trident(Trishul) from Lord Shiva, and Vajrayudha from Lord Indra she mounted on Lion and started a battle with Mahishasura. Mahishasura likewise was ready, he attacked Goddess Durga with millions of soldiers. 

But Durga and her lion turned down the army of Mahishasura. After a fierce battle that lasted for nine days, Goddess Durga finally killed the demon Mahishasura. The gods celebrated this occasion which is now continued as Vijayadashami. 

The battle between Goddess Durga and demon Mahishasura Continued for 9 nights. the festival days of Vijayadashmi are called Navaratri. As the victory was achieved on the 10th day it was called Dusshera. Dusshera is celebrated as the 10th day of the Hindu month of Ashvin.

Here is the list of 7 facts that everyone should know about Navaratri & Dusshera.

1. The word Navratri is a combination of two words Nav means nine and Ratri means Night.
2. Nine days of Navratri signify one of the nine forms of Goddess Shakti; Durga, Bhadrakali, Jagadamba, Annapurna, Sarvamangala, Bhairavi, Chandika, Latika, Bhavani and Mookambika
3. Garba and Dandiya are two traditional dance forms that originate from the state of Gujarat and it is trendy in India during the Navratri festival.
4. Mahishasura had the head of a buffalo so Navratri people sacrifice buffalo in many parts of the country. It should be beheaded in a single stroke.
5. In some parts of India, women plant nine different kinds of food grain seeds in small pots. The newly grown saplings are then offered to the Goddess.
6. On the ninth day of Navratri in Karnataka, people worship weapons.
7. In the southern part of India, in the state of Tamil Nadu, Dusshera is called Golu.

It is also said that on this day Lord Rama defeated King Ravan. Dusshera is celebrated to mark Lord Rama's victory over the Ravana.
On the 10th day i.e., Dusshera huge effigies of Ravana are burnt with fireworks which symbolize the quelling of darkness by light. 
Dusshera also brings joy on the way to the next big festival called Diwali. Diwali is celebrated 20 days after Dusshera and signifies the return of Lord Rama, Sita, and Laxman to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana.

10 things that shouldn't go to your head

 In early 1997-1998 when Inder Kumar Gujral was Prime Minister of Congress in India. He was treated as a weak Prime Minister and people used to bother him. So proving himself that his party Congress also gives equal importance to security as well. He decided to honor a man popularly known as Missile Man Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam with Bharat Ratna. He was the second person to receive Bharat Ratna after CV Raman in 1952.

APJ Abdul Kalam

Success Story of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

 Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam is famously remembered as Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. From a small boy born in a middle-class family on 15 October 1931 to growing up in Rameswaram dreaming big and becoming the country's 11 President and role model of many millennials and leaders, Abdul Kalam's life has been a tale of exceptional, determination, passion, courage, and perseverance.

Dr. Abdul Kalam was the world's renowned scientist. He worked with Satish Dhawan (Indian Aerospace Engineer) in ISRO with the successful launch of the Agni missile on 22nd March 1989 after several failures. After the successful launch of a missile, he was known as Missile Man. He wrote many books which include Ignited minds, Wings of Fire, Turning Points, and many more.

He was a humble man a creative thinker and a legendary vision man. He struggled a lot throughout his life to uplift his country's bright future. He faced several difficulties and failures throughout his life. As he once said, 

Man needs difficulties in his life because they are necessary to enjoy success.

Established on 8th October 1932, the Indian Air force is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. The role of the Indian Air Force (IAF) is to keep Indian air space safe from attacks during conflict situations.

Indian Air Force stands at 4th position in the list of the strongest airforce in the world. After India got independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the name Royal Indian Air Force was kept and served in the early of World War II. With the Transition of government to Republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed, and thus from 1950, it was called as Indian Air Force.

Marshal of Indian Air Force Arjan Singh Aulakh was a senior air officer of IAF. He was the first and so far 5-star rank officer of IAF in 2002 January. 

Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh is the current Chief of Air Staff in the Indian Air Force.

The Indian Air force is celebrating its 88th anniversary. The day is marked by the main event comprising a parade and flying in a similar pattern at Hindon Air Force Base. On Indian Air Force Day India showcases its aviation airpower. This year it will feature newly included Rafale fighter aircraft in the parade.

India's first operational squadron came into being in April 1933.

 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi had a significant amount of contribution to the world of Indian history. Becoming a Barrister from England and arriving in India, Gandhi had a great life, but it all started with his removal from the train by the Britishers, from that day Gandhi was not just a name and the Rest is history.

This year India may celebrate the 151st birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. Born as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on 2nd October 1869 in Porbander, Gujrat. When Gandhi was growing up, few people had predicted that one day he would attract millions of followers.

In fact, Gandhi was ordinary and extremely shy when he was young. He even described running home from school so he wouldn't have to talk to anybody. He became 'Father of Nation' and was fondly addressed as Bappu. He used to read various books, Grants, and many other Hindu novels. While he had written many books based on his experience, which still shows us the new way of life through his experience, his thoughts are meaningful even today.

7 lessons we should learn from Mahatma Gandhi.

 Freedom is never dear at any price. It is the breath of life. What would a man not pay for living?                           

                     - Mahatma Gandhi

Forgiveness is a trait of strong, not weak

 What is the GATE Exam?

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering(GATE) is an all-India examination conducted by the five IITs and IISC on behalf of the Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), Government of India.

The GATE exam is for graduate students but this year's (2020) announcement has done that the 3rd-year engineering students can also appear for the GATE exam from 2021 onwards.  

Should we appear for the GATE exam in 3rd year?

One question that will stay in mind is whether we should appear for the Gate exam in the 3rd year? This is a great opportunity for all the engineering students that the Gate exam can be given or conducted from the 3rd year itself.

I think that taking a gate exam in the 3rd year can help if you do not know what to do further after graduation giving competitive exams can help you to build your concepts strong and can broaden your mind. Sitting still and wasting years after graduation cannot help and get confused about what I should do. Exploring or Attempting these exams can teach a lot.

So giving an attempt for these types of exams can help a lot.

Benefits of taking the GATE exam:-

• It is an opportunity for students to acquire an M.Tech degree in their area of interest subjects.

• You can land government jobs like PSUs.

• If your marks are good enough you can be part of top IITs and NITs for masters and many more.

• More and better companies are coming for campus placements in leading institutes.

• You can get admission to NITIs if your score is good enough.

• Higher salaries are being offered to M.Tech as compared to B. Tech.

• To all the gate-qualified student stipends or scholarship is provided per month for studying.

• Many other options are also open if we qualify for GATE, such as R&D, and DRDO.

Success is base on Persistence, not Luck

What is Hydraulics?

 Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving liquids' mechanical properties and use. Fluid Mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on applied engineering using the property of fluids. Hydraulic is used for the generation, the transmission of power by pressuring fluid, controlling, and many applications. 

About the Project?   

This project comes under "FLUID MECHANICS". 

Hydraulic Powered Track is a wonderful application for fluid mechanics, these are used in the applications of parking systems or if there is huge traffic on the bridges this system comes under consideration. In the project, the track is hydraulically regulated using syringes loaded with fluid. 

It consists of a predesigned form that is guided in a constrained way to obtain the required output. The process is governed by a law introduced by Pascal known as Pascal's Law.

Pascal's law states that:

"when there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase at every other point in the container."

The concept behind doing this project:-

The basic concept used in the project was Pascal's law. The law states that when pressure is applied at one end of a fluid constrained in a constrained volume the pressure due to that force is equally transmitted to all points of the fluid, which are acted upon by the same pressure. Using the same concept of the law it is implemented in the project. 

Principle of Hydraulic System

From the above image, it can be depicted that as the pressure is applied to the syringe the fluid gets transmitted through a tube where another syringe is connected. The motion of the syringe is used to move the track from one floor to another as shown in the figure. The desired displacement due to one syringe will move the track to a certain height to be elevated from one track to another.

A Video Demonstration of Working Model

Applications and Advantages of Hydraulic-powered Track:-

We require hydraulic bridges because hydraulic systems have many advantages as compared to purely mechanical and electrical systems.

• Ease and accuracy of control.

• Multiplication of forces. 

• Maintenance is comparatively less.

• Constant force and torque.

But there are also some short Disadvantages:-

 Who was Sir Visvesvaraya?

In the short story when a man with ordinary clothes and a turban on his head was traveling on a train with the Britishers, they laughed at him and started making fun of him because he was an Indian.

Suddenly he stopped the running train by pulling the chain, the people traveling on the train got angry and the Britishers started bullying him. Suddenly a guard came in the boogie and asked him why the train was stopping, the man answered "the Railtrack is broken further", a guard asked why do you think so? 

So the man answered, "I got an instinct that the train's speed is usual but there is sound from the rail track which is not safe". Guard took the man with him after seeing the Railtrack the guard was shocked by his interpretation, there was a crack in the track on which the train would be passing on. If this man had not been on the train, each one on the train would have been met with an accident. Knowing the proficiency of this man members of the train started appreciating his knowledge. And the man who stopped the train was none other than SIR VISVESVARAYA.

Where did Sir  Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya were born?

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was born in Muddenahalli on 15 September 1861. He studied at the college of engineering Pune and was an Indian Civil Engineer who constructed many well-designed drainage systems in Mumbai. Master of the field, was awarded Bharat Ratna in 1955. He was appointed as the 19th Diwan of Mysore. Later appointed as Knight Commander of the British Empire (KCIE). The college was built in Nagpur and named Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology(VIT). Sir dead on 14 April 1962.

Why is Engineers day celebrated?

The birth anniversary of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya is celebrated as Engineers Day. He is also known as the Father of Indian Engineering because of his enormous contribution and innovations in the field of engineering and the development of society. One of the finest engineers in the country. That day Engineers Day is celebrated on 15th September in the name of Sir Visvesvaraya.

7 Skills we should learn from Sir Visvesvaraya

1. Leadership
2. Technical Knowledge
3. Creativity 
4. Adaptability
5. Collaboration
6. Management
7. Communication 

We should remember to always be grounded to the earth and never show off our skills. If you know teach it to others.

At Its Heart, Engineering Is About Using Science To Find Creative, Practical Solutions. It Is A Noble Profession.

- Sir M Visvesvaraya 

                                             HAPPY ENGINEER'S DAY