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The Engineeringity

 Every year we celebrate many festivals. But sometimes we do not know the stories and reasons behind it. Why these festivals are celebrated. This is the season of Holi so we will see why we celebrate it the reason behind and what must learn.



    What is the story behind Holi why do we celebrate it?

    This Festival got its name from 'Holika'. Hiranya Kashyap use to be king of demons and after long prolonged austerity(meditation) he was blessed with power by Lord Bhrama which was no one can kill him either at night or during the day, nor at home or outside, without any weapons. He became powerful as he uses to misuse his powers and tell others to worship him as he was booned by gods.

    Then after a long time, he was blessed with a son named 'Prahlad'. Prahlad uses to worship Lord Vishnu and he had a huge belief in Vishnu. When others use to worship Hiranya Kashyap his own son use to worship Lord Vishnu, he got angry.

    Hiranya also threatened his son to worship him. But his son refused it. He also executed many plans to kill his son but none worked, even Prahlad was placed in between the poisonous snakes but none affected him he still worshiped God Vishnu.

    Festival of Holi Named Holika Mohostav
    Holika sitting along with Prahlad on burning pyres

    At last, his father Hirnaya thought of one more plan to kill his son Prahlad, he approached his demoness daughter named Holika and told her that you are going to sit on fire with her younger brother Prahlad, Holika sat on fire covering herself with a blanket so that Prahlad get burnt. But Prahlad had the blessings of Lord Vishnu. 

    But Look at the beauty of Nature, the blanket came on Prahlad, and Holika got burnt to ashes and Prahlad was safe.

    After that Lord Vishnu came in the evening between day and night and killed Hiranya Kashyap and ended the story.

    This is the reason every year on this day people burn large pyres to symbolize the burning of the demoness Holika then after this Festival got its name  'Holika' and one more question arises.

    Why do we play with colors on Holi?

    The question you must be thinking that why do we play with colors on Holi and who started it.

    Colors | festival Holi | Shri Krishna

    It all started when Shri Krishna started playing Holi with colors in Vrindavan with his friends. Colors had significant importance because at that time colors were made using flowers and that is the reason they were skin-friendly. 

    But for a few decades, these colors are made using chemicals that harm our skin.

    Thus, after the Holika bonfire, Holi is celebrated with colors.

    Things to be learned 

    Many things can be learned from this festival of Holi but here are some of the qualities of things we must learn,

    • Killing the negativity within us and spreading positivity.

    • Do not only work hard but also see why are you working so hard.
    • Even if the ego does get par utilizes it rather than misutilizing it. 

    • Misutitizing the power is always better than not having the power.

    • Detach before the truth gets converted into lies.

    The great thing about Holi is that you don't have to be Hindu. There are Holi festivals right around the world like in Australia and mainly in India. and lots of people get involved.

    Happy Holi !

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    Suppose there is a bike which travels a long mile but there is one condition, it must have petrol in it. So from here, we got to know that the working medium required in a bike will be "Petrol". It implies that the bike will not start if there is no petrol in it.

    Hydraulics and Pneumatic

    So the system that works on fluid like oil is called Hydraulics.

    Similarly, any system that works on pressurized air is called Pneumatics.



      Introduction

      In Hydraulics, Pressurized oil is the working medium and in Pneumatic Compressed air is the working medium.

      Hydraulics came from the Greek word "Hydraulikos" which means water pipeline 

      Pneumatics came from the Greek word "Pneomatiks" which means Air Pressure.

      History

      Hero of Alexandria was a Roman engineer and mathematician of the century(A.D) who had a big contribution to Hydraulics and Pneumatics.

      He had written many theories like Maths Physics mechanics pneumatics. So we call him the father of Hydraulics and Pneumatics.

      Construction

      Construction | Stages in Pneumatic

      There are three stages to it 

      Stage 1: Input stage  

      [ In the input stage there are devices like push buttons]

      Stage 2: Control and processing stage  

      [In this stage specialized control valves are used like 5/2,3/2,4/2. So that the fluid (working medium) flow can be controlled]

      Stage 3: Output stage

      [In this cylinders are used as an output]

      All the 3 steps are the same for both systems, the difference is the input supply. In hydraulics working medium is oil whereas in the pneumatic working medium is air.

      Difference

      Hydraulic System

      Pneumatic System

      Liquid as a working medium

      Dry air as a working medium

      Used to lift Heavyweight

      Used to lift Small/medium weight

      Sluggish working speed 

      Rapid working speed

      Expensive

      Inexpensive

      Used for a short distance

      Used for long-distance

      Can affect heat temperature

      Cannot affect heat and temperature

      High maintenance

      Low maintenance

      Applications

      For Hydraulics:

      • In cars, the gearing system is an example of Hydraulics
      • Bulldozers, JCB also work under Hydraulics
      • Crane which is used to lift the weight also works under Hydraulics
      • Lifts, press machines, and Jack for the uplifting of the car also work under Hydraulics.

      For Pneumatics:

      • The pressure gauge and the vacuum cleaner is an examples of pneumatic.
      • The air brakes we use in buses and truck works under pneumatics.
      • Tubeless tires also work under pneumatics.
      • A pump is used to fill the air in bicycles.

      Based on Pressure:

      Hydraulic utilizes around 3000 to 5000 psi(up to 10000 psi)
      Pneumatic utilizes around 100 psi (up to 150 psi)

      Pneumatic and hydraulic systems have many similarities both of them are applications of fluid power.

      So what do you think is the more efficient Hydraulic system or the Pneumatic system?

      Project-based on Hydraulic

      To know how the Hydraulic system works a small model is made on Hydraulic Powered Track to understand the basic concept of it.

      To know more about it[Click Here]

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       A portable power supply has become the lifeline of the modern technological world, especially the Lithium-ion Battery. Imagine a world where all cars are driven by Induction motors and not Internal combustion engines. Induction motors are far superior to IC engines in almost all engineering aspects, additionally being more robust and cheaper. 

      Another huge disadvantage of IC engines is that they only produce usable torque in a narrow band of engine RPM. Considering all of these factors, induction motors are definitely the perfect choice for an automobile. 




        What is the difference between an IC engine and an electric engine?

        Internal Combustion Engine (IC)

        Electric Engine (Induction Motor)

        Thousands of moving parts 

        Very few moving parts

        Mechanical balancing Issue

        No balancing issues

        Poor speed control

        Good speed control

        Not self-started

        Self-Started

        Low Acceleration

        High Acceleration

        Low starting torque

        High starting Torque

        Narrow speed range

        Wide speed range

        Why are Electric cars better?

        An electric car is a car that is propelled by one or more electric motors using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. Some diesel models claim beyond 700 miles on one tank, some models up to 1,000, and although very few people will ever have the discomfort of driving that far on one trip, electric vehicle range is still the topic that needs addressing to entice more people to reduce their local emissions. 

        Ev's average is somewhere around 300 miles from one charge, a huge leap forward from a barely triple figure of the past, but a far cry from the modern-day types of diesel that can achieve more than double this. 

        How do Electric cars have a connection with Solid-State Batteries?

        Arrangement of Batteries in series and parallel 

        Taking the example of the Tesla cell, it has a voltage between 3 - and 4.2. These cells are called solid-state batteries and they are having a structure like normal batteries.

        Many such Tesla cells are connected in series and in a parallel fashion to form a model. 16 such models are connected in series to form a battery pack in a Tesla car. Thus it forms a big battery on which the Tesla car runs. To know more about Solid State Batteries[Click Here]

        Who is working on SSB (Solid State Batteries)?

        Another world leader in battery power devices is Dyson famed for its vacuum cleaners and hair products. Dyson is the head of all competition when it comes to consumer electronics. 

        The company had previously announced the plans to build its own electric car testing for 2021 launch the plan was scrapped last, and the company still promises to be working on advancing their batteries technology, but so far its car project is pushed back it is not entirely canceled.

        And many companies are working on it but to the overheating of batteries, they are lagging.

        How do Electric Cars have an advantage?

        We're told that electric cars are the future. Petrol and diesel cars will be banned in the UK by 2030, and many European and American countries are following suit. 

        India also is in the race for electric cars and many automobile companies are on the verge to launch their models. Likewise, Tesla's electric car works on a total electric solid-state battery which is the showstopper in the automobile sector for its different approach to satisfying the need of people and care towards nature. 

        To take human life more towards the future. Tesla always comes up with innovative ideas for electric vehicles. 

        Conclusion

        Compared to Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles electric cars are quieter have no exhaust emissions and have lower overall emissions. Many electric car companies want to launch their own electric cars but they are still advancing in their batteries. 

        However, the constant power supply for an induction motor is the real barrier to achieving the induction motor to revolutionize the automation industry.

        The market for electric vehicles will be more significant in India in the future than ever seen before.

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