Suppose there is a bike which travels a long mile but there is one condition, it must have petrol in it. So from here, we got to know that the working medium required in a bike will be "Petrol". It implies that the bike will not start if there is no petrol in it.

So the system that works on fluid like oil is called Hydraulics.

Similarly, any system that works on pressurized air is called Pneumatics.

Introduction

In Hydraulics, Pressurized oil is the working medium and in Pneumatic Compressed air is the working medium.

Hydraulics came from the Greek word "Hydraulikos" which means water pipeline 

Pneumatics came from the Greek word "Pneomatiks" which means Air Pressure.

History

Hero of Alexandria was a Roman engineer and mathematician of the century(A.D) who had a big contribution to Hydraulics and Pneumatics.

He had written many theories like Maths Physics mechanics pneumatics. So we call him the father of Hydraulics and Pneumatics.

Construction

There are three stages to it 

Stage 1: Input stage  

[ In the input stage there are devices like push buttons]

Stage 2: Control and processing stage  

[In this stage specialized control valves are used like 5/2,3/2,4/2. So that the fluid (working medium) flow can be controlled]

[In this cylinders are used as an output]

All the 3 steps are the same for both systems, the difference is the input supply. In hydraulics working medium is oil whereas in the pneumatic working medium is air.

Difference

Applications

For Hydraulics:

 A portable power supply has become the lifeline of the modern technological world, especially the Lithium-ion Battery. Imagine a world where all cars are driven by Induction motors and not Internal combustion engines. Induction motors are far superior to IC engines in almost all engineering aspects, additionally being more robust and cheaper. 

Another huge disadvantage of IC engines is that they only produce usable torque in a narrow band of engine RPM. Considering all of these factors, induction motors are definitely the perfect choice for an automobile. 

What is the difference between an IC engine and an electric engine?

Why are Electric cars better?

How do Electric cars have a connection with Solid-State Batteries?

Arrangement of Batteries in series and parallel

Taking the example of the Tesla cell, it has a voltage between 3 - and 4.2. These cells are called solid-state batteries and they are having a structure like normal batteries.

Many such Tesla cells are connected in series and in a parallel fashion to form a model. 16 such models are connected in series to form a battery pack in a Tesla car. Thus it forms a big battery on which the Tesla car runs. To know more about Solid State Batteries[Click Here]

Who is working on SSB (Solid State Batteries)?

And many companies are working on it but to the overheating of batteries, they are lagging.

How do Electric Cars have an advantage?

We're told that electric cars are the future. Petrol and diesel cars will be banned in the UK by 2030, and many European and American countries are following suit. 

India also is in the race for electric cars and many automobile companies are on the verge to launch their models. Likewise, Tesla's electric car works on a total electric solid-state battery which is the showstopper in the automobile sector for its different approach to satisfying the need of people and care towards nature. 

To take human life more towards the future. Tesla always comes up with innovative ideas for electric vehicles. 

Conclusion

Compared to Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles electric cars are quieter have no exhaust emissions and have lower overall emissions. Many electric car companies want to launch their own electric cars but they are still advancing in their batteries. 

However, the constant power supply for an induction motor is the real barrier to achieving the induction motor to revolutionize the automation industry.

The market for electric vehicles will be more significant in India in the future than ever seen before.

 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was a visionary leader and founder of the Maratha Empire in western India during the 17th century. He was born in 1627 in the Shivneri Fort in Pune, Maharashtra, India, and went on to become one of the most revered and respected figures in Indian history.

What is the first thing when we think about 'Marathas' Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Guerilla warfare or the war fought against the Mughals? But we often forget that in medieval India there was only one kingdom that had its own navy.

Based on this Navy Marathas didn't just maintain their dominion on the entire Konkan coast but also suppressed all other naval powers including the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the Britishers.

Maratha Navy 

One of his most significant achievements was the establishment of a navy, which helped him gain control of the Arabian Sea and maintain communication with various coastal regions. He also built a network of forts, which served as the backbone of his empire's defense and allowed his army to move swiftly throughout the region.

So how did the Maratha navy come into existence and how did they maintain their domination on the coast of Konkan for nearly 100 years?

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

The Maratha navy was a powerful naval force established by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire in western India. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj recognized the importance of controlling the sea, especially for the coastal regions of his empire, and therefore, he made significant efforts to establish a navy.

So the story begins in the medical period when the Navy was called Armor in Marathi. To establish the navy, we had the raw material for the workers but the workers didn't know the technique to build a naval ship. So Shivaji Maharaj asked who knew this technique. So he asked a Portuguese by the name of Vegas to send his men and pay them handsome money to start shipbuilding. 

But Maharaj told Abaji Sondev that every man he would assign to the job should be very sharp. (Just imagine their ingenuity). Maharaj said this because he knew that the goa headquarters of the Portuguese would find out that the Marathas were building a Naval ship, and they would definitely interfere. Two months later Viegas suddenly quit his job and left. Maharaj asked Sondev if he had done as instructed. Did you assign smart men? Abaji Sondev said not to worry Maharaj we've learned everything. And they started a factory. 

While building ships Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj also made sure that the designs of their ships were slightly different from European ships. European ships were in deep waters, so the portion was quite profound. But Maharaj knew that the ships would remain near the coastal areas which were not so deep. So he built his ships smaller and flat bottoms so they could stay closer to the coasts. 

By doing this Shivaji Maharaji's Navy oppugned the Britishers and the Portuguese and European Navy. Shivaji Maharaj gave Marathas a grand navy and turned it into a profitable enterprise and well-organized. The Maratha navy also played a significant role in protecting the Maratha Empire from attacks by other neighboring kingdoms, such as the Siddis of Janjira. Overall, the Maratha navy was a significant achievement of Shivaji's reign, and it served as a model for naval warfare in India for centuries to come. This is the reason why he is called the Father of the Indian Navy.

Some lesser-known facts about Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

• Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the Sixth child of Shahaji Raje and Jijabai.

• Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was an excellent Archer.

• Chhatrapati Shivaji started a native "Rajyabhishek Shak" Calendar after his coronation.

• Around the year 1656 when he conquered the fort of Belapur, he decided to build his own navy two Portuguese men primarily assisted him in making his navy.

• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ordered his biography to be written while he was still ruling.

• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj had the Rajkosh composed for promoting the Marathi language.

• Chhatrapati Shivaji offered 1,00,000 Frangipani(Chafa) flowers to Lord Someshwar after conquering the fort of Panhala.

• The birthplace of Shivaji Maharaj gained freedom in 1757- 77 years after his death.

He knew the importance of language to the culture of the kingdom. When he came into power much of the daily duties works were performed in the adapted languages which came along with the invaders, the languages like Urdu and Persian were used for office work.  Chhatrapati Shivaji freed his motherland and insisted on the use of the language of the land "MARATHI".

Shivaji Maharaj was also known for his policies of religious tolerance and social justice. He believed in treating all subjects equally, regardless of their caste, creed, or religion. He is known for his respect for women and his efforts to empower them, which included establishing a women's army known as the Durga Dal.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the master of all fortifications. An expert in Ganimi kava (Guerrilla warfare). Shivneri fort lies in the Junnar region born in this fort in 1630 but even after multiple attempts could not capture the fort Shivneri. 

Today, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is celebrated as a hero and an icon of Maratha pride. His legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians, and his life and leadership serve as an example of courage, determination, and vision.

A visionary man and a great leader.

Janta raja means not only knowing the minds of our people but also knowing the mind of our opponent.

 Have you seen a few pictures of smartphone explosions, if you have noticed them carefully, the reason is the battery behind them? Those batteries use a liquid electrolyte, the liquid electrolyte is flammable and the chances are high for exploding of the battery. 

But what about pacemakers and RFID readers? Pacemakers and RFID readers use solid-state electrolytes in their volatile batteries, and the chances of exploding are almost negligible. Solid-state batteries are the future of battery technology and consumer electronics and electric vehicles.

Born in a Hindu Agarwal family, as a son of Urdu and Persian government school teacher Munshi Radha Krishan Agrawal and his wife Gulab Devi Agrawal, in Moga district in Punjab. Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the greatest freedom fighters Of India born on 28 January 1865. He had a sharp mind.

Lala Lajpat Rai known as'The Punjab Kesari' or 'Lion of Punjab' was a great fighter for freedom. Though he was not born great, he achieved greatness by dint of patriotism.

Lala Lajpatrai

Journey as Freedom Fighter:

His journey as a freedom fighter started when he joined a Government college in 1880 in Lahore to study Law, where he came in contact with patriots and other freedom fighters such as Lala Hans raj and Panditguru Dutt.

In 1914, he quit law practice to dedicate himself to the freedom of India and went to Britain in 1914 and then to the United States in 1917. Then he joined the Indian national congress.

He was an Indian freedom fighter, who played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement. He was one-third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. They were the ones who demanded Poorna Swaraj against Britishers.

Lal-Bal-Pal

Death of Lala Lajpatrai:

When the Simon Commission visited Lahore on 30th October 1928. Lala Lajpat Rai non-violent March in protest again the protest was with the word " Simon Go back " in black flags.

The superintendent of the police camp is Court ordered the police to Lathi charge the protestors and personally asserted arise which was not fully recovered from his injuries and died on 17 November 1928 of a heart attack.

Doctors thought that Scott's blow had hastened his death. However, when the matter was raised in is British parliament the British government denied any role in rai's death.

Revolution:

Although Bhagat Singh did not witness the event, he vowed to take revenge if it was a murderer very tall leader in the freedom movement. 

Then after the death of Lala Lajapatrai, Bhagat Singh joined other revolutionaries like Rajguru, Sukhdev, and Chandrashekhar Azad in a plot to kill a squad to send a message to British Raj.

Achievements / Facts:

Many Railcars were present at the time of the 1920s but modifying an ordinary Railcar into a propeller-driven and adding the engine of the airplane, which is ready to run on the railway track, must be the idea of brilliant Engineers only. Schienenzeppelin was the one modified Railcar. 

Further, will be going in-depth about it and how other Railcars were invented later in 1940 taking the idea from Schienenzeppelin.

What is Schienenzeppelin or Rail-zeppelin?

Schienenzeppelin (Rail-zeppelin)

Schienenzeppelin or rail zeppelin was an experimental railcar in the appearance of the zeppelin. Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship moving in the sky. Keeping the structure of the zeppelin in the mind.

The structure was made of a train with a look-alike zeppelin and the body of a bullet train, with a hybrid structure of aircraft engine and propeller-driven at the rear end. The Inventor behind making this beautiful invention was Franz Kruckenberg, who was born on August 21, 1882, in Uetersen.

He was a German mechanical engineer and railway designer. He was a pioneer of express rail traffic; 

History

Vintage Railcar

Back in 1920, when many railroads passed passengers and goods from one country to another. Slowly railways were evolving and with the evolving nature, engineers were trying to change the world with their thoughts and ideas.

In late 1929, One such German aircraft engineer named Franz Kruckenberg decided to add an aircraft engine to a train to create something that resembles like airship on rails. As he was an aircraft engineer, he started designing Zeppelin airship dreaming that would run on the rails. Numerous years were spent on designing it. 

He started to put effort into making the body like a bullet-shaped train. When finally the body and the engine were built, this railcar or train (Schienenzeppelin) was propelled with a propeller at the end(rear) of the train. In 1930 it was ready to run on the rails.

This train was named Schienenzeppelin.

About Schienenzeppelin

Model Schienenzeppelin

It was invented by German engineer Franz Kruckenberg in the year 1929. 

It had the engine of the aircraft and a propeller at the rear end. The body was designed as a bullet train and the material used was aluminum. It had a capacity of 40 passengers. 

It broke World railroad speed on 10th May 1931 up till 1954. It had a top speed of 143 mph or 243 km/hr which set a record for gasoline-powered rail engines at that time. Rather other railcars had a speed of 139 mph. It had a height of 2.8m with 28.5m long. 

This Schienenzeppelin was only once built and was later scrapped in 1939 due to its risk factors.

Modifications made

Schienenzeppelin was built in 1930 at the time of the Hannover-Leinhausen division of the German Imperial Railway Company. The railcar was modified several times like the original had was powered by two joined BMW IV 6-cylinder gasoline aircraft engines with 4-blade propellers.

But later due to a large crowd was not able to catch this run machine(Schienenzeppelin) it was Increased by changing the engine to a single BMW VI 12-cylinder, with 2 bladed propellers.

How did Schienenzeppelin(Railcar) work?

The propeller at the rear(end) of the Schienenzeppelin

The engine provides trust to rear-pointing to a four-blade fixed ash propeller. The shaft attracted to the propeller was raised by 7 degrees from horizontal to provide a downward thrust to push the railcar forward.

Problems faced after some years

One of the most important was concern over its safety. The open propellers were far too dangerous in crowded railway stations. 

The engine also had no reverse drive.

Also, the rear-ended propeller was not clear whether it would pull the additional railcar.

Since this revolutionary design would require a massive amount of investment for further modifications. Instead, a new monorail was designed and sent for approval and got approved.

The end of Schienenzeppelin was near

With the small capacity of passengers and concern over the safety and investment in it in the future was too much difficult later in 1939, this Schienenzeppelin was scrapped.

The time was a world war, and the German army also needed material instead of saving it in the museum it would be used for war was the motive. 

The engines that had power were cannibalized and fitted to german light bombers. The rest body of the railcar(Schienenzeppelin) was melted down for the german warship.

The invention of further Trains using ideas from Schienenzeppelin

Aeromotowagon Railcar

Schienenzeppelin was a great invention but had various factors that had risks in it, which pulled it near failure. Several inventions were made by the inventor Franz Kruckenberg. He later opened his company and started producing vehicles that did not last for a long time.

By far the best invention award was given to Franz Kruckenberg for his invention Schienenzeppelin.

 G.H.Hardy and Ramanujan both were great mathematicians. They loved talking about numbers. One fine day Ramanujan's health was not good due to the weather in England and its food and he was admitted to hospital. So Hardy thought he should visit Ramanujan for asking about his health. So Hardy prearranged a taxi and headed to the hospital to meet him. But while traveling, Harrdy always had a habit of noting down the taxi's number whenever he traveled from the taxi.

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Story of Hardy meeting Ramanujan in hospital

Hardy noted down the number of taxis in 1729. When he looked at the number he felt it was a very unimportant and ordinary number. He reached out to Ramanujan and asked him about his health. Then Hardy talked about the number(1729) with him. 'No Hardy' said Ramanujan. Ramanujan with his explanation about how unique is the number. 1729 is the world's first smallest number which can be expressed as a sum of two positive cubes (for example 12^3 + 1^3). 1729 is known as the second Taxicab number or 'Hardy-Ramanujan' number as it derives its name from a story starting from that taxi cab. This was a famous story about one of India's great mathematical geniuses Shrinivasa Ramanujan.

Born on 22 December 1887 in Erode, Madras Presidency, British India. He went to a local school named Kangayan Primary school in Madras. He was not able to speak until he was five. He did not like school in Madras and tried to avoid attending it. His family enlisted a local person to make sure he attended school. As time passed he created an interest in mathematics. In primary class, he came first in mathematics in the village. He took admitted to Town higher secondary school for his higher studies. 

At the age of 13, he completely mastered a book on advanced trigonometry. By that time, he had also discovered sophisticated theorems on his own. Solving college-level questions in primary school got to know his talent in mathematics. He got a Subramaniam scholarship due to mathematics but perhaps lost it due to scoring low in other subjects. He tried to score good marks in class 12th but failed in it too. This was the worst phase of Ramanujan's life. He had financial problems so he took classes for college students. As he did not have a college degree no one was able to give him a job. He got married to a girl named Janki in 1908.

How was the Bernoullis number invented?

He went to Madras and contacted deputy collector V Rama Swami Iyer, he was a great mathematician as well. At last, the deputy collector knew the potential in Ramanujan and decided to give Rupees 25 scholarships per month to Ramanujan. Staying in Madras for 1 year he published his first research named 'Properties of Bernoulli Number'.

Remembering India's one of the greatest mathematical geniuses Srinivasa Ramanujan on his birth anniversary on 22 December.

Though life is long or short if you believe in yourself, dedicated to your work, then you will get success.

Over the past few decades, contemporary literature has addressed the emerging factor influencing the new economy of the over-the-top in India. In the last few years, a chunk of the digitally sophisticated audience has shifted its interest to new-age OTT platforms as a source of entertainment. 

What is OTT?

History Of OTT Platforms:-

Over the past few years, OTT platforms have been clamoring to get market share in one of the fertile grounds to be in India. Unlike other countries, India is growing with the viewership on the OTT(Over The Top) immensely.

But it all started with the first dependent Indian OTT platform Big Flix. Big Flix was launched by Reliance in the year 2008 but it was not impactful. After years passed, in 2013 Ditto T.V.(Now known as Zee) and Sony Liv was launched which got a good response. It was a time when data had a high price and there was no subscription to any OTT platforms. Thus many of the audience could not afford to watch online. 

Many other OTT platforms were also rising like Youtube, Hotstar, Amazon Prime, and many more by the year 2015. By the time people were aware of watching TV serials online. And then there was an entry of Reliance Jio which changed India from a lack of internet usage to most users of the internet in the world.

The Rise Of OTT Platforms in India:-

The Rising Wave of the Indian OTT Market:-

The Rise of OTT platforms was when data(internet) was cheap, this was all possible due to Reliance Jio entering the market in the year 2016. Jio gave unlimited data(internet), due to which there was a lot of usage of the internet and due to which OTT platforms were growing.

People got more attracted towards digital platforms by the year 2016 be it watching cricket on Hotstar or watching movies and web series on various other ott platforms like Netflix, Prime, Hotstar, and many more.

From the year when data was the cheap rise, OTT platforms were rising tremendously. Ott was also rising because of its original content shows. 

How do OTT Platforms make money?

OTT has to buy the rights to the movie for release or streaming on their respective platforms. The process is that the respective OTT platform gives a fixed amount to the filmmakers and the producers make the film for less than that and the remaining is the profit of the OTT platform.

They also generate revenue from subscriptions that they take from their audience, by which they can produce their own shows or movies, or web series and present them on their own platforms.

Opportunity To Talent (OTT):-

OTT has given underrated actors unforgettable characters. Standing in support and providing an equal platform and opportunity to showcase the talent irrespective of their background. Letting on work and talent of the actor shine.

For many well-known actors who didn't have work in past years, OTT has given them chance on their talent. The common man got a job due to these platforms. 

The emergence of OTT during Covid Pandemic:-

A good step taken by OTT Platforms for age restrictions:-

Is one OTT platform enough for the Indian viewers?

One OTT platform is simply not enough for Indian viewers.
Because Indians are so hungry for online video content that they are lapping everything available.

There is various content on each platform. So the viewer will not rely only on one platform.

For example, Netflix content can't be seen on Hotstar and vice versa.

Conclusion:-

The media and entertainment industry witnessed a rapid change in the current year with disruptions due to technological advances and cheap data and mobile penetration. 

OTT engagement is expected to grow steadily in the years to come. The Indian market has a huge potential to be one of Asia's biggest media and entertainment markets.

Thus it is safe to say that the OTTs have revolutionized the entertainment industry and with their steadily growing potential they will continue to keep us glued to our screens.

So to conclude, the Indian OTT industry still holds many opportunities, yet to be explored. With growing access to mobile data and internet-based services in the rural parts of the country, the no of users and subscribers is set to be on the rise.

The word engineering has been derived from the term engineer and dates back to around 1325 and the word engineer in those times meant or was denoted to someone who was the constructor of engines. Engines come from an old word used in Latin that means Intrinsic quality, particularly cerebral power. The word engineer is also derived from the Latin word ingeniare ("to create, generate, contrive, the device")

Table Of Contents

Introduction:-

Engineering is ancient and was founded. But the only thing was it was not named engineering, later it was. People were inventing new things for their lives. But they never knew that building a house for them which is today known as civil engineering. Gradually people started evolving with modern technology and modern inventions.

After the bulb's invention, instead of the candle, the bulb was in use, later known as Electrical Engineering.

For convenience and comfort of an easy living lifestyle, cars were invented which later got known as Mechanical engineering. Every invention is an engineered product.

In short, the science behind doing everything daily is called Engineering.

History Of Engineering:-

The idea of engineering has been present since past historic times when humans started shaping important creations like the lever, wheel, and pulley. Every invention is reliable with the contemporary explanation of engineering manipulation basic principles to develop useful tools and objects.

The first architectural engineer in history the first doctor and one of the most famous engineers in ancient Egypt lived under the rule of king "Djoser" the family. He was the one who built the pyramid of Saqqara Amphither's "Pyramid of Djsor" in the 30th century BC. The Greeks called it Amenhotep. He was the first engineer in history.

The Romans developed a lot of infrastructures like roads and aqueducts to help their cities flourish 
It was the Romans who brought engineering culture.

Evolution of Engineering:-

As time passed more structures like houses, buildings, and bridges required technicalities the term what we know as civil engineering was introduced to differentiate between those who were experts in building military machines and was also called military engineering. 

The term engineering has much depth and the discipline is extremely broad and comprised a variety of more dedicated types of engineering, each with a more precise prominence on specific parts of technology, applied science, and types of application.

With the rise of engineering as a profession in the 18 century, the term became more in use in which mathematics and science were applied to the ends.

Sir Visvesvaraya was the first Indian Engineer and the Father of Engineering. (Read more about him...)

How was Engineering Feilds Invented:-

The first steam engine was built in 1698 by Mechanical Engineer Thomas Savery. This invention gave rise to the Industrial Revolution in the coming years which changed the entire lifestyle of humans.

Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering is the oldest and broadest area of Engineering.
It all started with the world's first engineer, Impotep designed the pyramid of Djoser in Egypt almost 5,000 years ago.

The name civil engineering comes from Civilian Engineering.
John Smeaton was the first engineer to call himself a "Civil Engineer". He founded a society in 1771 that was known to be the Institution of Civil Engineers.

It deals with the construction of bridges, roads, buildings, dams, towers, waterways, dykes, sewers, and railways.

Mechanical Engineering

The invention of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineer James Watt gave rise to modern Mechanical Engineering. This Industrial Revolution led to the rapid growth of Mechanical Engineering.

The field of Mechanical engineering was advancing with new inventions as the years were passing as discussed earlier first the steam engine was invented then without using steam another fuel to operate the engine was the petrol engine first invented by Nicholaus August Otto the Otto engine or internal combustion engine was invented.

After years of working in the same firm Nicholaus Otto, Gottlieb Daimler, and Wilhelm Maybach invented a more efficient Internal combustion engine with more speed and one of the most important installable engines and named it the Grandfather clock. They experimented with it by attaching it to a carriage and thus Motorcycle was born.

During this era (1900), Mercedes was also born and designed by Wilhelm Maybach.

During the same era, there was one man who thought outside of the box, he decides to make a horseless carriage with a proper structure of a vehicle that would run on his own design engine and he was successful in making it in 1885. He was Karl Benz. The father of automobiles Karl Benz made the first Motorcar.

Electrical Engineering

The experiments of Alessandro Volta in the 19th century, Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm, and others gave rise to Electrical Engineering with the invention of the Electric motor in 1872.

Electrical engineering became a profession late in the 19th century. Francis Ronald stands ahead of the field, who created the first working telegraph system in 1816 and he also documented his vision of how the world could be transformed by using electricity.

Electronic Engineering

James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz gave rise to the field of Electronics in the late 19th century. The future inventions of the transistor, and vacuum tube accelerated the development of Electronics in the field of Electronics Engineering.

Aeronautical Engineering

Aeronautical Engineering is a more modern term that expands to reach the discipline by including spacecraft design. Its origin can be traced to Aviation pioneers around the turn of the 18th century with the work of Sir George Cayley. The Invention of the first airplane was done by an Indian Shivkar Talpade. But he was not having a patent for it.

Knowledge of aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some most important skills from other branches of engineering.

Only after a decade in the 1920s boom in Aeronautical Engineering was when the Wright brothers made a successful attempt to fly the world's first motor-operated airplane.

This got a great development in Aeronautical Engineering and also during World War 1 military aircraft.

To know facts about the Indian Airforce and its aircraft. (Read more about it...)

Computer Engineering

Computer Engineering began in 1939 when John Vincent and Clifford Berry began developing the world's first electronic digital computer through a combination of Physics, Mathematics, and Electrical Engineering.

In late 1990, there was a rise in computer technology, the first search engine was built by Computer Engineer Alan Emtage, and thus from then, the computer era started. During this time the most important invention was done of Ctrl-Alt-Del(Read more about it)

And till now in every field, Computer Technology is used.

The Core Engineering Fields are Mechanical, Civil, and Electrical Engineering.

And even today many Engineering fields are coming up and many more are to come.

Conclusion:-

The Engineering field is very old and has massive importance in our lives, due to which we can stay and work comfortably. Throughout history, Engineers have solved problems and have figured out how to make things work. 

In design, and development work today, an advanced understanding of a broad array of scientific disciplines is required, as is the ability to use sophisticated and complicated computer analysis and modeling tools.

Individuals started to work in a team. Technology advances provide opportunities to improve society as well as risks.

Engineers must always look toward the development of the country.

Diwali is an important religious festival originating in India. Many stories are associated with Diwali like Lord Rama returning to Ayodhya, Goddess Durga killing Demon Mahishasura, and Pandavas returning home to Hastinapura. But few people must be knowing about Lord Krishna's victory over Demon Narakaasura.

Narakaasura was born to Varaha an avatar of Vishnu and goddess earth as he was born with the qualities of demon Goddess Earth feared, that he might be killed by Vishnu in the future so she pleaded with Vishnu not to kill Narakaasura at any cost, Vishnu thought for a while and Narakaasura was booned that except his mother no one can kill him. Goddess Earth was happy after hearing the decision and was confident that she would never kill her son(Narakaasura) at any cost.

As the days passed by Narakaasura grew more powerful than before even Indra could not defeat Narakaasura, so the only way was going to Lord Vishnu to protect people from Narakaasura, Lord Vishnu assures them that the end is near for Narakasura soon Lord Vishnu took the avatar of Lord Krishna and Goddess earth was born as Satyabhama, meanwhile, Narakaasura continued his evilness. He tormented(mentally suffering) the Rishis and challenged the kings.

On one such day, he had to face Shri Krishna. Shri Krishna knew that the end of Narakaasura was in the hands of Goddess earth so he did not stop Satyabhama when she wished to watch the battle between Shri Krishna and Narakaasura. The battle between them(Shri Krishna and Narakaasura) started, they both fought fiercely after a while Narakaasura was able to make Shri Krishna unconscious with one of his weapons. Then Satyabham herself fought with Narakaasura. She courageously faced him and aimed arrows at him. 

Satyabhama killing Narakaasura

At last, Narakaasura has fallen for the arrows of Satyabhama. That day was called Naraka Chaturdashi(Narak Chaturthi) and people celebrated the occasion with lamps and lights with crackers. The next day is Diwali(Deepavali). The word Diwali means "row of lights" in Sanskrit. The symbol of Diwali is light and oil lamps called Diyas. Diwali is not just celebrated by Hindus but also celebrated by Jains and Sikhs too. 

Some Lesser Facts About Diwali

• The last Tirthankara of Jains Vartamanam Mahaviram has attained nirvana on this very day.
• Another name for Diwali is Lakshmi puja. Hindus and Marwadis give a lot of importance to Lakshmi puja. And New Year in fact starts with Diwali.
• Diwali is not only the festival of Hindus but also the festival of Sikhs and Jains.
• Diwali honors the Hindu goddess of wealth, Lakshmi. The lights and lamps help goddess Lakshmi find her way into people's homes and bring prosperity to their new year.
• Rangoli is the most popular on Diwali.
• In the United Kingdom(UK), the city of Leicester has the largest Diwali celebration outside India.
• How Goddess Durga Killed Mahishasura on Dusshera, after 20 days of Dusshera Diwali is celebrated (Read More about it..)

Burning the Demon qualities in ourselves and generating good qualities should be our main focus for growth in life.